论恢复性司法在环境犯罪中的适用

On the Application of Restorative Justice in Environmental Crime

惩治环境犯罪之目的包括惩罚犯罪行为人、保护被害人利益及生态环境。传统刑事司法仅注重对环境犯罪行为人之惩罚,而忽略对损害结果之治理,不利于惩治环境犯罪目的之实现。恢复性司法强调对犯罪结果的恢复,注重对被害人及生态环境所遭受的损害进行修复,以实现"犯罪行为人受到惩罚""被害人得到救济""生态环境得以修复"之目标。将恢复性司法引入环境犯罪领域,其适用基础包括符合生态伦理之本质,契合惩治环境犯罪之目的,注重环境刑事司法效能,顺应刑罚轻刑化趋势;适用困境包括环境罚金刑作用发挥有限,新型责任方式理论证成性不足,配套机制相对薄弱等;适用完善包括完善恢复性司法在环境犯罪中的立法规范,统一恢复性司法在环境犯罪中的适用形式,设置恢复性司法在环境犯罪中的司法程序,健全恢复性司法在环境犯罪中的配套制度。

The aims of punishing environmental crimes include punishing criminals, protecting the interests of victims and the ecological environment. However, the traditional criminal justice only attaches importance to the punishment of the environmental perpetrator, but ignores the treatment of the result of the damage, which is not conducive to the purpose of environmental crime punishment. Restorative justice emphasizes the recovery of criminal results and focuses on the restoration of victims＇ suffering and the repair to the ecological environment damage in order to achieve the goals of‘criminal punishment＇, ‘victim relief＇ and ‘ecological environment restoration＇. The introduction of restorative justice into field of environmental crime conforms to the essence of ecological ethics, fulfills the purpose of environmental crime punishment, emphasizes the environmental criminal judicial efficiency and follows the tendency of light punishment. The practice plight lies in the limited role of environmental penalty, theory insufficiency of new responsibility style as well as the relatively weak supporting mechanism. The applicable improvement will focus on the establishment of legislative norms, the unification of the applicable forms, the making of judicial procedures as well as the perfection of supporting system of restorative justice in the environmental crime.