中国农地发展权利益协调机制研究

The Research on the Coordination Mechanism of Chinese Farmland Development Right

中国农地发展权制度安排的缺陷,使得诸如农地发展权的归属、红利分享的利益平衡、失地进城农民的市民化等成了亟待解决的问题。为此,要建立中国农地发展权利益协调机制:基于农地发展权的性质和国家宏观战略的考虑,非国有农地的发展权应当由国家统一行使和管理;确立农地发展权各方利益的兼顾原则,农地开发所得红利不仅应当妥善照顾到被征地的农村集体经济组织和农民的利益,而且应当惠及区域内未获得开发机会的农地权利人;消除土地增减挂钩制度中的土地财政动因,建立并共享农村地籍数据库和农民对政府实施土地增减挂钩制度的绩效评价机制;藉由农地开发红利设立农民市民化工程基金,发挥创新思维,赋予征地政府和开发者妥善协调农民市民化的辅助义务,从而快速有效地解决农民市民化。

Because of the defects of the system of farmland development right in China,problems as big and ongoing as the ownership of rural land development right,interests balance of dividend and citizenship of land-lost farmers call for urgent solution.Therefore,it is necessary to erect the coordinating mechanism of farmland development right.Considering the nature of farmland development right and the macro-strategy of China,the government is responsible for the execution and administration of the development of non-state-owned farmland.Considering the interests of the rural collective economic organizations and farmers whose land is expropriated,the dividends from farmland development should be distributed fairly.As for the right holders of farmland who do not have access to development opportunities in the region,they can also share part of the dividends.It's proposed to eradicate the motive of land finance in the linking system of land increase and decrease,set up a shared cadastre database and evaluation system,establish the fund of citizenship with the dividend,work creatively to make citizenship part of the obligation of local government and developers so as to accelerate the process of citizenship.