“解释世界“与“改变世界”:马克思对“解释哲学”的批判及其超越

“Explaining the World”and“Changing the world”:Marx's Criticism and Transcendence of Explanatory Philosophy

传统西方哲学从其整体来看,是一种以"解释世界"为理论原则和内在构架的解释哲学。马克思指出,作为解释哲学的传统西方哲学从没有将"改变世界"作为自己的出发点和根本视角,因此它与人们的现实生活在基本方面仍然是疏离的。不仅如此,马克思更要在人的实践活动中克服解释哲学,即从"改变世界"的哲学视域去超越解释哲学,这就是马克思终其一生为实现"自由人联合体"而进行的工作。在这一工作中,马克思关于人与自然关系的思想、人与人关系的思想、自然与自由关系的思想,都在本质意义上指向了"改变世界"的方向,由此马克思哲学成为一种"改变世界"的哲学。

The traditional western philosophy was,in general,an explanatory philosophy whose theoretical principle and inner frame was to explain the world.Marx pointed out that,as an explanatory philosophy,the traditional western philosophy never regarded＂changing the world＂as its starting point and fundamental perspective,and,therefore,it alienated from people＇s real lives in basic aspects.Moreover,Marx even intended to overcome explanatory philosophy in human practice,i.e.,to surpass explanatory philosophy from a philosophical perspective of＂changing the world＂,which is the work of Marx＇s life for the realization of＂Freemen＇s Union＂.In his whole life,Marx＇s thoughts on the relationships between man and nature,between man and man,between nature and freedom,pointed to the direction of ＂changing the world＂in essence,thus Marx＇s philosophy became a philosophy of＂changing the world＂.