巴人早期活动地域及其迁徙考

A Textual Criticism of Ba Peoples' Early Activity Area and Their Migration

巴人是一支迁徙的族群,赢姓,同鸟关系密切,出自东夷集团,最初的活动地域大致在安徽北部一带。至迟在夏朝初年,巴人已西迁到了豫西南、鄂西北一带,受夏后启之臣孟涂管理。卜辞中所见之巴人,其主要活动地域基本位于晋南一带,大约从殷墟第三期开始,巴人逐渐从原居地外迁。至迟在殷朝末年,巴人已迁徙至汉水上游一带,并协助武王伐纣。灭殷后,为了对巴人更好地联合、羁縻,周王室分封了自己的姬姓宗室于当地。大约在春秋、战国之际,巴人活动的重心已迁往川东、重庆一带。

The Ba people were an ethnic group,who often migrated.Coming from the Dongyi Group,they were surnamed Ying,and had a close tie with birds.Their initial activity area was roughly in northern Anhui.In the early period of the Xia Dynasty,the Ba people had moved to the southwest of Henan and northwest of Hubei,and were administered by Meng Tu,the minster of the king Hou Qi.The Ba people recorded in the Inscriptions were mainly located in the Jinnan area and gradually moved away from their places of origin,starting from the third period of the Yin Ruins.By the end of the Yin Dynasty,the Ba people had already moved to the upper reaches of the Han River and helped King Wu of the Zhou Dynasty to crusade against King Zhou of the Yin Dynasty.After the destruction of the Yin Dynasty,in order to win over the Ba peoples＇ hearts and rule them,King Wu of the Zhou Dynasty granted royal clan to found a state.During the Spring and Autumn Period,the center of the Ba peoples＇ activity area had moved to eastern Sichuan and Chongqing area.