长隧道韵律型视觉环境设计研究

On the visual environment rhythm design for the vehicle drivers to travel through the long highway tunnels

采用心理物理试验分析公路隧道内部视觉环境对驾驶员行车安全的影响,将E-prime 2.0软件与仿真驾驶模拟器相结合,对驾驶员在隧道内长时间行车中的速度判断准确率及反应时间两个指标进行分析,提出了利用标志标线构建公路隧道内韵律型标线系统的改善措施,以改善隧道内视觉环境,并利用数理统计方法及Logistics拟合分析对设计方案进行评价。结果表明:1)公路隧道内韵律型标线系统能提升隧道内驾驶员的速度判断准确率3.33%~11.66%;2)普通公路隧道场景中,被试者反应时间与隧道内行车时间存在显著关系,公路隧道内韵律型标线系统的场景中,反应时间与隧道内的行车时间没有显著关系,能有效缓解视觉疲劳现象;3)被试者反应时间的增加同时受隧道内视觉环境与行车时间的影响。公路隧道内韵律型标线系统能有效提高驾驶员的反应时间,适用于行驶速度为80 km/h、大于1 333 m的隧道。

This paper is inclined to present the results about a psychological-physical experiment by setting up an interior tunnel marking system based on the rhythm as the optimized method to improve the inner tunnel visual environment,in hoping to analyze the effect of the psychological-physical experiment with the tunnel＇s inner visual environment for the driving safety. Joining the E-Prime 2. 0 software with a driving simulator,we have done an investigation and analysis to test the driver＇s judging accuracy and reliability of the speed and the reaction time in the long-lasting tunnel driving circumstances through the said investigation and testing/analysis activities. And,next,the said new marking system can be evaluated with a statistical method and the logistics fitting analysis. The results of our simulation experiment indicate that：（ 1） The internal tunnel markings system based on the rhythm can help to increase the driver＇s judging accuracy of the speed by about 3. 33% to 11. 66%;（ 2） In the routine traffic road tunnels,the reaction time of the participants tends to be significantly correlated with the tunnel-inside driving time length,though the reaction time of the participants in the tunnel can also be used by the inner tunnel marking system based on the rhythm.However,the reaction time is not significantly correlated with the driving time inside the tunnel. This may suggest that the interior tunnel markings system based on the rhythm can help to release the visual fatigue obviously;（ 3） The increase of the reaction time turns out to be both related to the visual environment and the driving time in the tunnel. In addition,the visual environment has less effect no matter whether the reaction time is too short（ between 10 s to 50 s） or too long（ between 80 s to 140 s）,the reaction time is not significantly correlated with the inner tunnel environment. Thus,it can be concluded that the inner tunnel marking system based on rhythm can effectively improve the reaction sensitivity of the drivers whilst they are driving in. The new marking system we have proposed can be expected to be used for the tunnels longer than 1 333 m through which the suggested speed should be set about 80 km/h or so.