中国海洋环境治理的政策工具选择与应用——基于1982—2016年政策文本的量化分析

Selection and Application of China's Marine Environmental Governance Policy Tools:A Quantitative Analysis Based on Policy Text(1982-2016)

海洋环境治理政策工具的选择和运用是否科学合理,将直接影响政策执行效果。本文采用内容分析法,以我国中央政府1982—2016年间颁布的海洋环境政策为分析样本,按照制定分析框架、定义分析单元、样本编码和统计数据分析等步骤对海洋环境政策工具的使用情况进行计量和分析。研究发现,我国海洋环境政策工具的四种基本类型,即命令一控制型、市场激励型、信息公开型和社会参与型工具分别存在使用过溢、乏力、陈旧和不足的问题,并且政策工具组合搭配不合理,创新能力不足。同时,对海洋环境管理的事中监督指导不到位,缺少灵活有力的问责工具。未来应该加强市场激励型、信息公开型和社会参与型政策工具的运用,构建政策工具的综合应用模式,并且以海洋环境治理的事中控制为核心,完善海洋督查制度,加强政策工具创新。

The selection and application of marine environmental policy tools in practice might directly affect the effectiveness of policy implementation. The research adopts the method of content analysis. Based on1982-2016 marine environmental polices promulgated by Chinese government, the research analyzes the use of marine environmental policy tools with the processes of establishing the analytic framework, defining the analytic unit, coding the sample and carrying out frequency statistics. The research indicates that ： 1）the command-control policy tools are excessively used. 2） marketing-driven policy tools are used. 3） message-publicity policy tools are outdated. 4） public-participation tools are insufficiently used. Moreover, the allocation of policy tools is unreasonable, policy tool innovation is deficient. At the same time, several problems occurred in the processes of marine environment governance, such as ＂focusing on the beginning, ignoring the end＂, the supervision and guidance within the processes is inefficiency, accountability tools are inflexibility and inefficiency and so on. The article suggests building a comprehensive application pattern of policy tools, focusing on process control, perfecting the system for supervising marine, and advancing policy tools＇ innovation.