《伊凡·杰尼索维奇的一天》的叙事艺术与劳改营书写

Narrative Arts and Labor Camp Writing in One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich

索尔仁尼琴在《伊凡·杰尼索维奇的一天》中大量运用准直接引语进行"复调"叙事,通过独特的叙事视角和精湛的叙事手法,在高度浓缩的艺术时空中充分揭露"痛苦的历史"。作家不但勇敢地描绘现实中令人匪夷所思的监狱生活景象,而且重新阐释囚徒在监狱困境下的身份建构及其伦理选择,以此展现俄罗斯的民族精神和道德信念。小说继承俄罗斯经典文学的人道主义传统,以纪实性写作手法开创苏联"劳改营文学",张扬俄罗斯民族自豪感和斯拉夫民族优越感,蕴含着作家此后所倡导的"新根基主义"及"新斯拉夫主义"思想,为苏联知识分子思考祖国的历史和命运,找寻国家未来的出路指示了方向。

Free indirect speech is extensively used as ＂polyphonic＂ narrative in Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn＇s novel One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich. Through unique narrative perspective and exquisite narrative technique, the author uncovers the ＂painful history＂ in a highly concentrated aesthetic time-space. He not only depicted the cruelty and brutality in the labor camp, but also reinterpreted the prisoner＇s identity construction and ethical choice, the national spirit and moral belief of Russia. Following humanitarian tradition of Russian classical literature, the novel initiated Soviet ＂labor camp literature＂ by documentary writing, and proclaimed the Russian pride and Slavic superiority, which connote the ＂neopochvennichestvo＂ and ＂neoslavophilism＂ advocated by the writer as one of leading Soviet intellectuals. Thus, the novel showed concern about the history and future of motherland, and tried to find a way out for the country in distress.