三峡工程泥沙问题研究60年回顾

Review of sediment research in Three Gorges Project in recent 60 years

对60 a来三峡工程泥沙问题研究的历程、主要研究结论作了简要综述。三峡水库初期蓄水运用以来的泥沙实测资料与预测对比分析表明:三峡水库上游来沙减少的趋势与初步设计阶段预测基本一致,但减少的进程有所提前;三峡水库泥沙淤积量远小于预测值;坝下游河床冲刷量与预测值基本一致,河床冲刷范围则大于预测;坝下游河床冲刷对防洪与航运的影响与预测基本一致;三峡工程泥沙问题总体上未超出论证与初步设计阶段的预测。在此基础上提出三峡工程正常运行期泥沙问题研究的建议,其中关于排沙调度方面,应按控制水库防洪库容年损失率小于1 000万m^3/a,以及变动回水区上、中段无累积性泥沙淤积的要求制定排沙调度方案,以长期发挥三峡工程的综合效益。

This paper reviews the research progress and main conclusions about sediment for Three Gorges Project in recent 60 years, and compares the measured data with the predicted data after the project put into operation. The comparison results shows that the upstream flow and sediment into the reservoir reduce and are basically in accordance with prediction in design stage, but the time for reduction is ahead of the predicted ; then sedimentation in the reservoir is far below the predicted results ; the scouring in the downstream is basically in accordance with the predicted, but the scoured range is larger than the predicted; the impact of the scouring in the downstream on the flood control and navigation is basically in accordance with the predicted; in general, the sediment issues of Three Gorges Project are within the predicted scope in initial design stage. The suggestions on sediment issue research for the operation period of Three Gorges Project are put forward, especially in sediment release, the dispatching scheme should be made in the consideration of controlling the reservoir flood control capacity loss smaller than 10 million per year and without accumulative sedimentation in upper and middle section of backwater area to play the comprehensive benefit of Three Gorges Project.