淮北市某煤矿煤工尘肺累计发病率变化趋势

Tendency of cumulative incidence of coal workers' pneumoconiosis in a coal mine in Huaibei City

目的分析淮北某煤矿不同开始接尘年代、不同工种的接尘工人煤工尘肺(CWP)累计发病率的变化趋势。方法采用判断抽样方法,以1970—2014年在淮北市煤矿开始从事煤矿开采工作的12 152名接尘工人为调查对象,根据开始接尘年代分为1970~和1980~年组,根据接尘工种分为掘进组、采煤组、混合组和辅助组,采用寿命表法计算各组工人CWP累计发病率。结果 12 152名工人中,CWP患者594人,患病率为4.89%。在相同的第34年观察期内,1970~年组工人CWP累计发病率高于1980~年组(8.03%vs 5.45%,P<0.01)。至2014年,掘进组、采煤组、混合组、辅助组工人CWP累计发病率分别为69.33%、40.53%、36.66%和19.70%。掘进组工人CWP累计发病率从第14年时间窗开始升高,采煤组工人从第16年时间窗开始升高,混合组和辅助组工人CWP累计发病率均从第18年时间窗开始升高。1970~年组第34年时间窗,采煤组工人CWP累计发病率最高,为33.83%(P<0.004);混合组工人CWP累计发病率最低,为2.28%(P<0.004)。1970~年组第44年时间窗,掘进组工人CWP累计发病率最高,为66.66%(P<0.004);辅助组工人CWP累计发病率最低,为27.24%(P<0.004)。1980~年组第34年时间窗,掘进组工人CWP累计发病率最高,为29.87%(P<0.004)。结论随着开始接尘年代的推移,接尘工人CWP累计发病率的增长呈减缓趋势;不同开始接尘年代的不同工种接尘工人CWP累计发病率存在差异。

Objective To analyze the tendency of incidence in coal workers＇ pneumoconiosis（ CWP） in different time of dust exposure and different types of work in a mining enterprise in Huaibei City. Methods A total of 12 152 dust exposed workers who worked from 1970 to 2014 in a mining enterprise in Huaibei City were chosen as study subjects by judgment sampling method. They were divided into 2 cohorts were formed according to initial year of dust exposure（ 1970-,1980-）,and 4 group according to the type of work（ tunneling,mining,combining and helping）. Life table method was adopted to calculate cumulative life-incidence of CWP in each cohort. Results Among 12 152 workers,there were 594 of them diagnosed as CWP patients with a 4. 89% of incidence. During the same 34-year-observation period,the cumulative CWP incidence of 1970-cohort was higher than that of the 1980 s（ 8. 03% vs 5. 45%,P〈0. 01）. The cumulative CWP incidence of tunneling,mining,combining and helping workers were 69. 33%,40. 53%,36. 66% and 19. 70% by 2014,respectively. The cumulative incidence of CWP in tunneling group started to rise from the 14-year-observation window,mining＇s from 16-year-observation window,combining and helping workers from 18-year-observation window. Among the workers in 1970-cohort at the 34-year-observation window,the CWP cumulative incidence in mining group was the highest（ 33. 83%,P〈0. 004）,and combining＇s was the lowest（ 2. 28%,P〈0. 004）. Among the workers in 1970-cohort at the 44-year-observation window,the CWP cumulative incidence in tunneling group was the highest（ 66. 66%,P〈0. 004）,and helping＇s was the lowest（ 27. 24%,P〈0. 004）. Among the workers in 1980-cohort at the 34-year-observation window,the CWP cumulative incidence in tunneling group was the highest（ 29. 87%,P〈0. 004）. Conclusion The cumulative incidence of CWP patients was slowed down with prolonged dust exposure starting time. There were differences among different types of workers with different starting time of dust exposure.