摘要
本文对新疆吐鲁番市加依墓地青铜—早期铁器时代居民的牙齿磨耗、口腔疾病和骨质隆起等特征进行了观察与研究,结果显示,加依墓地居民的牙齿磨耗较重,但前后部牙齿的磨耗程度差异不大,臼齿偏斜式磨耗现象显著,龋齿罹患率偏低。生前脱落、牙结石等口腔疾病在该人群中普遍流行,部分个体的下颌存在发育显著的骨质隆起现象。本文还通过臼齿磨耗方向指数(Wear Orientation)对加依墓地居民的偏斜式磨耗进行了量化研究,并参考相关民族学调查、考古发现以及现代医学研究成果对加依墓地居民复杂的牙齿磨耗形态和口腔疾病的成因进行了初步探讨。推测加依墓地居民的食物结构应以肉类为主,谷类亦占有一定地位;此外可能是受到恶劣生活环境及特殊谷物加工技术的影响,日常食物较为坚硬。
This paper presents a study of the tooth wear, oral diseases and masticatory pressure on the human teeth from Jiayi Cemetery (10th-2nd Century BC), which is located in Turpan City, Xinjiang Province. Results indicate that Jiayi ancient population had a heavy tooth wear, while both their anterior and posterior teeth were suggested to be used actively during their whole lives. Besides, their teeth show a remarkable and high-frequent oblique wear pattern, which is especially obvious on their molars. We also found that very few individuals (1.6% of teeth, n= 1115; 18.8% of individuals, n=69) suffered from dental caries. Other oral features and diseases, including antemortem tooth loss (43.5%), Calculus (71.0%), abscessing (46.4%) and periodontal disease (37.7%) were also found to be common among this ancient population (percentages by individuals, n=69). 9 individuals (13.0%) showed obvious mandible exostoses, which means they had been under heavy masticatory pressure for a long time before death. The low rate of caries indicates that grain foods were not that common in Jiayi people's diet, while oblique wear pattern is an obvious sign on the teeth of people whose daily staples are always made of grains.In order to analyze the oblique wear pattem of Jiayi ancient population, we carried a quantization study which is built on the use of Wear Orientation (Iwo) on their molars. Ethnological investigations, archaeological findings and modem medicine researches were also considered in our discussion of the factors account for the complicated wear pattem and oral diseases. Clues show that Jiayi ancient population might rely much on hard foods, especially some kinds of processed grain foods, to adapt to the tough environment and their nomadic lifestyle. This hypothesis is likely to be the answer to the confusing features of Jiayi people's teeth.According to our conclusion, meat occupied a main part of Jiayi ancient population's diet, while grain foods were also among the important compositions. The tough environment in Turpan Depression, as well as the unique food procession technologies to make food adaptable for their nomadic lifestyle may have caused the hardness of daily foods for Jiayi ancient population, thus led to the oblique wear pattern and heavy wear on their posterior teeth.
出处
《人类学学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第4期438-456,共19页
Acta Anthropologica Sinica
基金
国家哲学社会科学基金重大项目(11&ZD182)
霍英东教育基金会青年教师基金基础性研究课题(141111)
教育部留学回国人员科研启动基金项目(第48批)
国家文物局"指南针计划"专项项目(20130305)
吉林大学研究生创新基金资助项目(2007007)