朝鲜半岛旧石器时代晚期的有柄尖刃器

A study of the tanged points of the Upper Paleolithic in the Korean Peninsula

有柄尖刃器是朝鲜半岛旧石器时代晚期代表性狩猎工具,1964年在公州石壮里遗址中首次发现。原料多选择硅质页岩或与之相似的石料,多见于25,000-15,000 BP之间。之后随着石镞等复合工具的出现,有柄尖刃器逐渐被取代。本文观察和研究的305件有柄尖刃器来自朝鲜半岛33个遗址,通过分析其形态属性及工业类型,揭示有柄尖刃器的制作技法,探讨其与相邻地区的关系。在中国旧石器时代遗存中虽然也有关于有柄尖刃器的零星报道,但鲜有确凿者,望本文能为中国的相关研究提供有价值的参考资料。

The purpose of this paper is to understand the general form and distinct features of the Tanged points that are the typical hunting weapon in the Upper Paleolithic of the Korean Peninsula, and to understand the manufacturing techniques of Tanged points. Tanged points were first recovered and recognized in 1964 from the site of Seokjang-ri, the first Paleolithic site to be excavated in the southern part of Korea. Following this, 48 Tanged points were uncovered at the Suyanggae site in 1983.To date, these artifacts have now been confirmed at 33 Upper Paleolithic sites in the Korean Peninsula, ranging from 35,000 to 15,000 BP, with most dates between 25,000 and 15,000 BP. Many researchers have suggested varying definitions of Tanged points in the past. However, the precise criteria that distinguishes the categories of Tanged points have been neglected. Hence, research has regarded Tanged points as a type of tool composed of a ＂point part＂ and a ＂tang part＂, with the latter accomplishing the function of hafting. The tool is made on a long and thin flake or blade, with ridges on the dorsal side of blanks. The lithic raw material should not break easily, such as siliceous shale. Many occupation layers found with Tanged points have obsidian flakes, but only two obsidian Tanged points have been found in the Korean Peninsula. The reason can be found in the attributes of this raw material, and in the proportions of the raw materials in relation to the ratio of flakes, blades, and microblades. Tanged points were eventually replaced by small tools such as arrows in the late Pleistocene.