举世谤议下的反思——论郭嵩焘的群议观

Reflection Under Public Criticism:On Guo Songtao's View of Public Opinion

在举世谤议下,郭嵩焘对士大夫的群议行为展开反思。他认为在群议中,正确的少数人受到错误的多数人的攻击,群议成为压迫性力量,四种原因导致群议恶风的产生。郭氏的群议观与其言语观有密切关系。他认为君主应制止群议,大臣不应卷入群议,言官当废。郭氏带着对群议的思考去考察西方政治制度,认为君德、两党制是英国政论风气良好的原因,多党制导致法国政坛议论纷繁。

Under the public criticism,Guo songtao reflected on the public opinion of scholar-bureaucrat. He thought that in the public opinion the majority with wrong idea attacked the minority with the right opinion. Public opinion was a kind of power to oppress people with different ideas. Four causes led to public opinion. Guo＇s view of public opinion was closely related with his view of speech. Guo thought that the majesty should restrain public opinion,the chancellors should not get involved in public opinion,and the censure officials should be abolished.Guo cognized the west with the awareness of public opinion of Qing dynasty. He thought the character of king and the two-party-system generated good general mood of political discussion in England,while multiparty system generated bad general mood in France.