官民协作:中国非遗保护的本土实践之路——以河北涉县女娲信仰的400年保护历程为个案

Cooperation between the government and the people as an indigenous practice for protecting intangible cultural heritages in China:A study of the 400-year history of retaining Nüwa Belief in the Wahuang Temple in She County of Hebei province

现有的非遗话语常常将UNESCO框架下的非遗保护工程作为新生事物,与中国近现代以来对传统文化的破坏相对照,以强调二者之间的差异性。本文则以河北涉县娲皇宫及其女娲信仰为个案,梳理其自明、清、民国直至当代的近400年本土非遗保护实践的历程,凸显历史上不同行动主体在相关方面的长期工作,认为中国本土的非遗保护实践有着漫长的历程,它为21世纪初UNESCO发动的非遗保护工程在中国的顺利开展提供了内因,对后者的评价,应当放置于本土非遗保护的整体历史中加以关照;不同历史阶段的本土非遗保护实践之间及其与UNESCO框架下的非遗保护工程之间存在着内在的关联性;中国本土淬炼出的非遗保护经验,比如注重"内价值"以及官民协作模式,为今天的非遗保护工程提供了有益的借鉴。

The current discourse about protecting ICH in China often contrasts this social movement launched by UNESCO with the destruction of the traditional Chinese culture in the past 100 years,and thus emphasizes the distinctions between the two.However,based on a case study of Nüwa Belief in the Wahuang Temple in She County of Hebei province of China,this paper explores a nearly 400-year history of indigenous protection practices,and highlights the diverse stakeholders and their historical contributions.The main arguments go as follows：the indigenous practices for protecting ICH in China has a long history,which forms the internal cause for the ICH project＇s acceptance in China;there are internal connections between the indigenous protection practices in different historical periods,as well as between them and the ICH project;some experiences obtained from this long history,such as emphasizing＂the intrinsic value＂of the ICH items and the cooperation between the government and the people,provide inspiring models for today＇s ICH protection projects.