罗尔斯的政治建构主义与实践理性的建筑术

A Study on Rawls' Political Constructivism

政治建构主义是罗尔斯在后期所使用的方法,主要是为了解决早期所不能解决的公共证成的难题。他的建构模式基本来源于康德,其最大优势在于可以实现学说的自主和获得客观性。和康德不同的是,罗尔斯选取的建筑基石是实践理性的原则,而非实践理性,另外,他的建构目标是一个自由站立的、扮演公共角色的政治正义观念;建构过程的完成标准是获得反思平衡。罗尔斯的政治建构模型可以解决异议和分歧,具有契约论特色,为多元社会中一种学说的自主提供了一个很好的范例。

The method of political constructivism, proposed by Rawls in his late years, is designed to establish public justification which was left unresolved in his early writing A Theory of Justice. To realize doctrinal autonomy and achieve objectivity, Rawls adopts constructivism, just as Kant did. But unlike Kant,Rawls＇ political constructivism is not based on practical reason but on the principles of practical reason. His goal of construction is a freestanding conception of political justice which plays a public role. The whole political construction is completed as reflective equilibrium is achieved. Rawls＇ model of political construction can be used to resolve disagreements and disputes, which endows it with a contractarian characteristic and sets a good example for a doctrine＇s autonomy in a plural society.