养殖模式及酸和硫化物胁迫对中华乌塘鳢血液生理生化指标的影响

Effects of Culture Pattern,Acid and Sulfide Stress on Hematology Physiological and Biochemical Parameters in Chinese Black Sleeper (Bostrychus sinensis)

【目的】比较红树林区3种不同生长环境下中华乌塘鳢(Bostrychus sinensis)的血液生理生化指标,并探究其对酸和硫化物胁迫的响应,为中华乌塘鳢红树林生态养殖提供参考。【方法】采集野生、红树林地埋管道生态养殖和池塘养殖的中华乌塘鳢成体,取血测定红细胞(RBC)含量、白细胞(WBC)含量及其组成、总蛋白(TP)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力、谷胱甘肽巯基转移酶(GST)活力和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC),并进行分析比较;采用不同强度的酸或硫化物胁迫中华乌塘鳢72h,每隔24h取血检测。【结果】在所测定的10项指标中,中华乌塘鳢红树林地埋管道生态养殖群体与池塘养殖群体间仅红细胞数量差异显著,而野生群体与养殖群体间有5项存在显著差异。红细胞数量差异表现为池塘养殖群体>红树林地埋管道生态养殖群体>野生群体。野生群体的中性粒细胞百分比显著高于养殖群体,淋巴细胞正好相反。水体pH值5.5以下或硫化物含量1 225μg/L以上,即能导致中华乌塘鳢产生急性毒理反应,总体表现为红细胞减少,白细胞增加,SOD活力降低,GST活力增强,TP含量升高,T-AOC下降,胁迫强度和持续时间与毒理反应强度呈正相关。【结论】中华乌塘鳢血液生理生化指标对红树林地埋管道生态养殖环境的响应与池塘养殖基本一致,一定浓度硫化物或酸会危害中华乌塘鳢健康状况,硫化物和低pH值不是红树林地埋管道生态养殖的限制因子,但仍是潜在的危害因子。

【Objective】The physiological and biochemical parameters of Chinese black sleeper,Bostrychus sinensis, were studied in three different growing environments in mangrove areas,and their responses to acid and sulfides stress were explored,which provided a reference for the eco-farming of the animals.【Methods】Haematological bioassay was conducted to analyze and compare RBC,WBC and its composition,TP,SOD,GST,and T-AOC in the blood of Bostrychus sinensis which were cultured in wild,in eco-farming way in buried tunnel of situ mangrove and in pond.Bostrychus sinensis were stressed by acids and sulfides of different concentration for 72 hbefore their blood was taken.【Results】There was no significant difference between the ecological breeding population and the pond culture population in the ten tested haematological parameters except red blood cell.And there were significant differences between the wild population and the breeding population in the five tested haematological parameters.The number of red blood cell varied with pond culture population>situ mangrove buried tunnel ecological farming group> wild population.The percentage of neutrophil granulocyte of wild population was significantly higher than the cultured population,and the lymphocytes were just the opposite.Generally,acute toxicological responses of Bostrychus sinensis were observed when pH was 5.5 or less or sulfide level reached 1 225μg/L or more,featured at decrease in red blood cell,increase in white blood cell,decrease in activity of SOD,increase in GST activity,increase in TP and decrease in T-AOC.Intensity of acute toxicological responses were positively correlated with the strength and duration of stresses.【Conclusion】The haematological physiological and biochemical responses of Chinese black sleeper cultured in eco-farming way were similar to those cultured in ponds.A certain concentration of sulfide or acid would harm the health status of Chinese black sleeper.Sulfide and low pH were not the limiting factors of buried tunnel ecological farming Chinese black sleeper in situ mangrove,but still a potential harmful factor.