群落特征和林分空间结构对森林公园景观美学质量贡献率及影响因子

Research on contribution rate of plant community characteristics and stand spatial structure to landscape aesthetics quality of forest parks and its influencing factors

植物群落特征和林分空间结构组成及评价是森林公园景观的关键,对森林公园景观优化与提升具有重要意义。以福建金丝湾省级森林公园为对象,基于40个调查样方,从群落特征和林分空间结构2个层面选择24个景观影响因子,运用美景度评价法(SBE)得出各个样方景观得分值,进而构建美景度和各个影响因子类目之间的景观评价与预测的多元回归线性模型,并分析群落特征和林分空间结构对森林公园景观美学质量的贡献作用。结果表明:森林公园景观中,主要影响美景度的景观因子有凋落物、林下层统一度、乔木丰富度、郁闭度、胸径变异系数、竞争指数、枝下高和角尺度,其贡献率分别为20.809%,20.424%,14.547%,14.162%,10.790%,8.189%,6.455%和4.624%;群落特征和林分空间结构2个层面的贡献率分别为87.187%和12.813%。植物群落特征和林分空间结构相互作用在森林公园美景度评价中占据着重要地位。

The composition and evaluation of the plant community characteristics and stand spatial structure are the keys to the forest park landscape, and are of great significance to the optimization and promotion of forest park landscape. The research took Jinsiwan Forest Park in Fujian Province as the research object, and selected40 typical samples and 24 factors to reflect the community characteristics and stand spatial structure. The scenic beauty estimation value of each sample was calculated by using scenic beauty estimation（SBE） method to construct a multiple regression linear model and landscape evaluation and prediction between SBE and various influencing factors categories, and analyze contributions of plant community characteristics and stand spatial structure to landscape aesthetics quality of forest parks. The findings indicated that the main factors affecting SBE included litter, uniformity of ground plants, abundance of conifer, crown density, variation coefficient of diameter at breast height（DBH）, competition index, under branch height and uniform angle index, accounting for 20.809 percent, 20.424 percent, 14.547 percent, 14.162 percent, 10.790 percent, 8.189 percent,6.455 percent and 4.624 percent respectively. The contribution rates of community characteristics and stand special structure were 87.187 percent and 12.813 percent. The research further explained the important roles of plant community characteristics and stand spatial structure in the scenic beauty estimation of forest parks.