覆土控鞭高品质竹笋栽培对高节竹叶片形态和养分化学计量特征的影响

Leaf morphology and C, N, and P stoichiometry of Phyllostachys prominens under soil cover with rhizome controlling cultivation

高节竹Phyllostachys prominens是优良的笋材兼用竹种,生态适应性强。采取覆土控鞭经营措施能显著提高高节竹笋外观品质、营养品质和食味品质及竹林经济效益。为摸清覆土控鞭栽培对高节竹生长的影响,为高节竹林高效可持续经营提供参考,测定了覆土控鞭栽培与对照高节竹林1~3年生立竹叶片的主要叶性因子和碳(C),氮(N),磷(P)质量分数,分析高节竹叶片形态和养分化学计量特征对覆土控鞭栽培的响应规律。结果表明:覆土控鞭栽培2 a后,高节竹1~3年生立竹叶片变细长,单叶面积和比叶面积略有增大,单叶质量和叶片厚度稍有下降,叶片形态指标覆土控鞭栽培和不覆土栽培竹林间差异均不显著(P>0.05)。覆土控鞭栽培的高节竹林1~3年生立竹叶片碳质量分数显著升高(P<0.05),氮略有升高(P>0.05),磷稍有下降,C/N和N/P均有所升高(P>0.05),而C/P显著升高(P<0.05)。覆土控鞭栽培对高节竹叶片形态并未产生明显的影响,对高节竹光合碳同化能力和氮、磷养分利用效率有促进作用,可见高节竹林采取科学的覆土控鞭高品质竹笋栽培措施能达到高效可持续经营的目标。

To determine the effect of soil cover with rhizome controlling cultivation on growth of Phyllostachys prominens, an excellent shoot and timber used bamboo species ecologically well adapted to its habitat, and to provide guidance for sustainable bamboo management, leaf traits as well as the content of leaf carbon, nitrogen,and phosphorus for 1-3 year-old Ph. prominens of soil cover with rhizome controlling cultivation and normal cultivation were studied. Furthermore, leaf morphology and nutrient stoichiometry were also analyzed. Results showed that 1-3 year-old Ph. prominens leaf of soil cover with rhizome controlling cultivation stand tended to be narrow and long with leaf area and specific leaf area increasing（P〉0.05）; whereas, leaf mass and thickness decreased slightly（P〉0.05）. Between soil cover with rhizome controlling cultivation and normal cultivation, there were no differences（P 〉0.05） for the same above mentioned leaf traits. However, leaf C content greatly increased（P〈0.05）, N content increased slightly（P〉0.05）, and P content decreased a little（P〉0.05）. Also, C/N and N/P increased slightly（P〉0.05） with C/P being greatly enhanced（P〈0.05）. These results indicated that soil cover with rhizome controlling cultivation resulted in slight variation of leaf morphological plasticity for Ph. prominens and showed that with photosynthetic C fixation and nutrient utilization efficiency increasing, high and stable production of superior quality bamboo shoots could be promoted.