四种水质评价方法的特点分析与比较研究

Characteristics and Comparison of Four Water Quality Evaluation Methods

以四川省部分河流监测断面水质资料为基础,对单因子评价法、综合污染指数法、模糊综合评价法和水质指数法四种水质评价法的水质评价过程和评价结果进行比较分析,找出了各评价方法的特点。经过分析,四种水质评价方法的评价结果基本一致,但特点各有不同,单因子评价法能确保水体安全,综合污染指数法能判断水体污染状况,模糊综合评价法适用于科学研究,不宜用于水环境质量现状评价,水质指数法与单因子评价法结果一致,能在不同水体不同时期进行对比,,既能判定水质类别,又能找出最大污染因子,应加以推广。

Based on water quality monitoring data in Sichuan section,this paper implements comparative analysis for the processes and results of four kinds of water quality assessment methods,which includes single factor evaluation method,comprehensive pollution index method,fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method and water quality index evaluation method. Through analysis,the results from four kinds of water quality assessment methods are basically in agreement,but different in details. Single factor method can ensure the safety of the water body,comprehensive pollution index method can judge the water pollution,fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method applies to scientific research but should not be used for evaluating current situation of water environmental quality. Results of water quality index method are in accordance with single factor method evaluation results. They can be used in comparative evaluation of different water bodies in different time. They can not only determine the water quality categories,but also find out the biggest pollution factors,so it should be promoted.