京津冀地区天然气和热泵替代燃煤供暖研究

Studies on replacing coal with natural gas and heat pump for heating in Jing-Jin-Ji region

针对京津冀地区实施天然气和电能驱动空气源热泵(简称:热泵)替代燃煤(散烧煤和锅炉煤)供暖系统的一次能源效率、污染物减排量及经济性进行了对比计算.结果表明:对于京津冀地区,采用天然气和热泵替代燃煤供暖可使一次能源效率分别上升31%和44%;天然气和热泵供暖都可大幅降低污染物排放,天然气供暖可使烟尘、SO_2和NO_x分别减排7.46,33.26,8.06万t;热泵供暖则分别减排7.48,33.21,9.36万t;热泵供暖的初投资高于天然气供暖,但其年燃料费用远低于天然气供暖;此外,基于烟尘、SO_2、NO_x 3种污染物减排总量,计算得出天然气供暖改造的单位污染物减排成本较热泵供暖改造高14.2元/kg,综合对比发现,热泵供暖更具优势.

Using nature gas and air source heat pumps(ASHP) to replace the household coals and coal-fired boilers for heating was proposed in this study. The primary energy efficiencies, pollutant emission reductions and economic viability of different heating systems were calculated and analyzed based on Jing-Jin-Ji Region's scenario. The results showed that the primary energy efficiencies of the nature gas-based and ASHP-based heating systems could be improved by 31 and 44 percentage points, respectively, comparing to the original coal-based heating system. The emissions of the main pollutants could be significantly reduced. Specifically, the nature gas-based heating system and ASHP-based heating system could decrease the PM, SO_2 and NO_x emissions by 74.6, 332.6, 80.6 thousand tons, and 74.8, 332.1, 93.6 thousand tons, respectively. The economic performance revealed that though the initial investment costs of ASHP-based heating system were greater than that of nature gas-based heating system, the annualized fuel costs were much lower. Besides, the specific costs of the pollutant emission mitigations of the nature gas-based heating system were 14.2 Chinese Yuan/kg higher than ASHP-based heating system, meaning that the ASHP-based heating system features better comprehensive performance as compared with the nature gas-based heating system.