低分辨率位置传感器永磁同步电机精确位置估计方法综述

Review of Precise Position Estimation Method of PMSM with Low-Resolution Position Sensor

伺服电机在装备制造、新能源和家电等领域有着广阔的应用,为得到高精度转子位置信息,通常采用旋转变压器或光电编码器等高分辨率位置码盘,但其价格普遍较高,增加了系统设计成本。而无传感器技术当前还很难全面满足工业及家电等领域的应用要求。低分辨率位置传感器永磁同步电机驱动技术是一种能够保证电机运行性能,同时能有效控制系统成本、提高系统可靠性的转子位置检测技术,受到国内外产业界的广泛关注。介绍开关型霍尔位置传感器的使用方法与工作原理,总结原始霍尔位置信息误差的来源与校正方法;重点讨论基于插值法、同步坐标系滤波器法和观测器法的转子位置/转速估算策略,从提高低分辨率位置传感器电机系统低速性能等方面分析和比较不同估算策略的原理、优缺点、适用范围及应用情况;最后,总结现有研究成果及有待解决的问题。

Servo motor has been widely used in household appliances, new energy utilization and equipment manufacture. To obtain high precise rotor position information, the rotary transformers or photoelectric encoders are often adopted, but their prices are relatively high in general thus may add the system design cost. The sensorless technology can barely meet the application standards of industry utilization and household appliances. However, the low-resolution position sensor technology can guarantee the motor operation performance, which will effectively reduce the system cost and enhance the system reliability. In this paper, the application method and operation principle of switching hall position sensor are introduced, the coming source and correction method of the original hall positional information error are summarized. The rotor position/speed estimation strategies, such as interpolation method, synchronous frame filter method and observer method, are discussed in detail. The analysis and comparison of principles, advantages, disadvantages, application scopes and application conditions of different estimation methods were conducted from the aspects of the enhancement of motor system performance under low speed with low resolution position sensor. Lastly, existing research achievements and issues to be solved are summarized.