直流大功率继电器电弧研究综述

Investigation on Breaking Arc in DC High-Power Relays: A Review

近年来从航空、航天到新能源产业迎来了一个快速发展的黄金时期,作为其中直流配电、管理及控制等系统中完成执行分断、功率切换及故障保护等功能的关键元器件——直流大功率继电器也得到广泛关注。在直流大功率继电器动作过程中,电弧的产生将极大地影响直流开断过程,因此对于电弧特性和电弧侵蚀的研究是提高直流大功率继电器可靠性和进行定量评估预测电寿命的关键问题。电弧是一个涉及等离子体物理、电磁场、流体力学、热传导等多学科交叉的基础科学问题,由于实验和理论研究均存在一定困难,目前对继电器类开关电器直流电弧触头侵蚀的物理机理和电弧特性了解尚不够完善清晰。该文以电弧问题为研究对象,从数值仿真与试验测量两个方面,综述国内外直流继电器类开关电弧侵蚀数学模型和电弧特性,并对下一步直流大功率继电器类开关电器电弧相关的研究工作进行展望。

Recently, aircraft, spaceflight and new energy industries have been in a period of rapid development. DC high-power relay has also been widespread concerned as a key component in DC power distribution, management and control systems to complete the implementation of breaking, power switching and fault protection and other features. Breaking arc plays a significant role in the DC current interruption that is formed in the interrupting process of DC high power relay. Therefore, the study on arc characteristics and arc erosion is a key issue in improving the reliability and quantifying the estimated electrical lifespan of DC high-power relays. Arc is a basic scientific problem involving the discharge of plasma physics, electromagnetic field, fluid mechanics, heat transfer and other interdisciplinary. Due to some difficulties in experimental and theoretical research, the current understanding of physical mechanism is not yet clear, such as arc erosion and breaking arc characteristics in DC relay switching devices. In this paper, previous simulation and experimental studies on the switching arc phenomenon characteristics and arc erosion in these DC high power relays are reviewed. Moreover, the future development research on switching arc in the switching devices such as DC high power relays is presented.