国内外抗除草剂基因专利的分析

Analysis on the Patents of Herbicide Resistance Gene at Home and Abroad

抗除草剂基因是培育抗除草剂转基因作物的基础。自1983年第1例抗草甘膦基因报道以来,到目前已经从微生物和植物中发掘出大量的抗性基因,并采用人工改造和基因融合的方法获得了新的抗性基因。本文归纳总结了国内外抗除草剂基因的专利,目的是为我国抗除草剂基因的发掘提供参考。经统计发现,国际上抗除草剂基因专利有52项,发掘的基因对草甘膦、草丁膦、磺酰脲类、溴苯腈、2,4-D、麦草畏、咪唑啉酮类、苯并呋喃类、吡啶甲酸酯类、原卟啉原氧化酶(PPO)抑制剂类、羟苯基丙酮酸加双氧酶(HPPD)抑制剂类、芳氧苯氧丙酸酯类(包括喹禾灵)和环己烯酮类13个种类除草剂有抗性。我国有48项专利,发掘的基因对草甘膦、草丁膦、咪唑啉酮类、磺酰脲类4个种类除草剂有抗性,且40项属于抗草甘膦基因。我国虽在专利数量上与国外相差不大,但在种类上远不及国外。因此,在我国抗除草剂基因的研究与开发方面面临着挑战。

Herbicide resistance genes are the basis for breeding herbicide-resistant transgenic crops. Since the first case of glyphosate-resistance gene was reported in 1983,a large number of resistance genes have been isolated from microbes and plants,and new resistance genes have been obtained by means of artificial modification and gene fusion.In order to provide information for developing herbicide-resistant genesdomestically,it summarized the patent of herbicide-resistance gene at home and abroad. Through counting discovering,it was found that there were 52 herbicide-resistance gene patents at abroad,and the genes were resistant to 13 herbicides incuding glyphosate,glufosinate,sulfonylureas,bromoxynil,2,4-D,dicamba,imidazolinones,benzofuran,pyridine formate,protoporphyrin oxidase（ PPO） in-hibitors,hydroxyl phenyl pyruvate plus dioxygenase（ HPPD） inhibitors,aryloxy phenoxy propionates（ quinoxaline） and cyclohexanediones. There are 48 herbicide-resistance gene patents in China,among which 40 belonged to glyphosate resistant gene. While the genes were resistant to 4 herbicides including the glyphosate,glufosinate,imidazolinones and sulfonylureas. Although the patent numbers had little disparityat home and abroad,but the species were far less than foreign. Therefore,herbicide-resistance gene research and development was confronted with challenges in China.