德国“事故保险”中因果关系认定标准及其启示

Identification Standards for Causation in German Accident Insurance and Its Implications

因果关系的问题一直是法学理论和实践领域重要的问题,德国通过两百多年的时间,在一般事故保险和工伤事故保险中分别确立了自成体系的因果关系认定标准。在一般事故保险中,德国实行"比例化"的因果关系认定标准;在工伤事故保险中,实行"本质条件"说。我国在事故保险中尚没有明确规定因果关系的认定标准,造成了司法实践的混乱局面。效仿德国,应确立有别于我国民法领域的因果关系认定体系,在一般事故保险中实行"比例化"的因果关系认定标准,在工伤事故保险中实行"本质条件"说的认定标准。

Causation has been an important issue in the theoretical and practical fields of the science of law,and after two hundred years'effort,Germany has established the systematic identification standards for the general accident insurance and industrial injury accident insurance respectively.In the general accident insurance,Germany implements the 'proportionated'identification standards for the cause-effect relationship.In the industrial accident insurance,Germany gives priority to the'substantial conditions'.In contrast,China hasn't clearly stipulated the cause-effect identification standards for accident insurance,which leads to some disorder in the legal practices.It is suggested that China should follow the model of Germany and establish a causation identification system which is different from that of the civil laws.To be specific,China should implement the 'proportionated'cause-effect identification standards in general accident insurance and the identification standards for the 'substantial conditions'in industrial accident insurance.