我国普通高等本科院校专业设置结构的实证分析

An Empirical Analysis on the Structure of Major Setting among Universities in China

专业设置是人才培养的关键环节,本文通过对全国普通高等院校专业设置结构进行实证分析发现:在学科门类上,不同高校均较为齐全,具体招生则各有偏重;在专业设置上,不同层次、不同类型院校间广泛开设的专业存在一定差别,但结合招生人数看,各高校重点发展专业具有较高的重合度;就专业集中度来看,院校层次越高,院校开设专业类个数相对越多、专业设置相对分散,而民办、独立院校专业设置则相对较为集中。结论启示在进一步开展专业设置时,应注意专业设置目录与招生数的结合,以及对高校专业设置总体情况的把握。

Undergraduate education is the principal part of higher education and widely spread in China.Major-setup is perceived as a crucial part of the transformation of universities and the cultivniversities. This study has used the enrollment data of major setting in 2011 to make an empirical analysis on thestructure of majors among Universities in China. The results show^ that the Scienthe most popular major for enrollment, also it is most widely opened among Universities. versities may have different majors to set. And the higher level of Universities, the species from basic disciplines. Besides,the higher level of the universities,the more majors are opened, mean-while ,private undergraduate Universities and independent colleges opened the fewer majors and have minimal variance. And for further research of major setting, the combination of major setting catalogue and the number of student enrollment are the factors should be covered under the whole picture of unive.