云南菊科入侵植物入侵机制及其利用研究进展

Understanding the invasion mechanism and utilization of invasive Asteraceae in Yunnan Province

植物入侵已对生物多样性、社会经济和人类健康造成了严重的威胁。云南由于地形复杂、气候和生态系统类型多样而成为植物入侵的重灾区。菊科是入侵植物中最多的一个科;但目前尚缺乏有关云南菊科入侵植物入侵机制和利用的报道。云南菊科入侵植物约有86种,入侵的主要机制:云南地形复杂,气候和生态系统类型多样,为入侵植物的生存提供了适宜的环境;同时,这些菊科入侵植物具有较强的繁殖能力和竞争能力、多样化的生态对策及丰富的化感物质,且其天敌缺乏等。这些因素的综合作用使很多菊科外来植物成功入侵云南。综合利用是治理入侵植物的一种有效措施。云南菊科入侵植物资源丰富,产量高,在医药、饲料、工业原料等方面具有一定的开发利用价值。

Plant invasion pose serious threats to biodiversity, economy,and human health. There are many invasive plants in Yun-nan Province,compounded with the complicate topography,diverse climate and ecosystem types. Asteraceae is the family with the largest number of invasive plants world-wide. At present,there is a lack of a comprehensive understanding of the invasion mecha-nism and utilization of the invasive plants of Asteraceae in Yunnan. We know of 86 invasive plants in Yunnan Province. These plants have strong reproductive and competitive ability,and varied ecological strategies and allelopathic effects,and a lack of natural ene-mies. The combined effects of these factors lead to the successful invasion. Comprehensive utilization is an effective measure for the control of invasive plants. The invasive plants of Asteraceae in Yunnan Province have certain possibilities for exploitation and utiliza-tion as medicine, feed,and industrial raw materials.