历史人类学视野下拉祜族“阔塔节”仪式的融合与变迁——以班利村和撒拉科小寨为例

Integration and Transformation of the Lahu "Kuota" Festival from the View of Historical Anthropology:Village Banli and Salake as an Example

从历史人类学角度来看,拉祜族"阔塔节"仪式经历了长时期的融合与变迁。在分析班利村和撒拉科小寨田野调查资料的基础上,揭示了如下两个基本事实:第一,与撒拉科小寨一直笃信山神"厄莎"不同,班利村在20世纪完成了外来基督教信仰与"厄莎"信仰的融合,并由此导致二者在祭神仪式及文化象征上的显著差别;第二,"洗手擦脸"仪式凸显了以孝善价值观为主体的社会文化意义,而"抢新水"仪式的消失则证实社会经济发展对传统文化象征的破坏性作用,并且随着时代发展这种破坏将日益扩大。

From the historical anthropological point of view,the Lahu "Kuota" Festival has undergone a long period of integration and transformation.After analyzing the survey data of the villages of Banliand Salake,the following two basic facts are revealed.Firstly,different from village Salake which has a devout faith in the mountain god Esha,village Banli has perfectly integrated the worship of Esha and foreign Christian faith in the 20 th century.This has led to significant differences in religious ceremonies and cultural symbols between the two villages.Secondly,the ritual of "washing hands and face" highlights the social and cultural significance of filial piety,whereas the disappearance of the "new year water" ceremony demonstrates the destructive effect of socio-economic development on traditional cultural symbols,and this destruction will grow over time.