城市道路光伏发电的声环境影响研究

Influence of Sound Environment by Photovoltaic System Overlying on Urban Road

交通空间声场是城市声环境的重要组成部分,城市道路上覆光伏发电势必会引起道路及周边空间声环境的改变。基于声学软件(Odeon)对其进行模拟,试图探讨上覆光伏组件前后的声场变化以及光伏组件的最佳铺设形式。模拟设置对照组(上覆前的道路空间)与实验组(上覆平铺、斜铺、弧形顶与双坡顶四种铺设形式的道路空间)。结果显示,弧度的改变会引起道路及周边声场的显著变化;而坡度的改变对声场的影响并不显著。不同铺设形式下,地面人耳接收平面的声场均会不同程度变差,以平铺形式为最差。道路两侧高空声场均有一定改善,平铺、双坡及弧形顶铺设形式下的竖向声场衰减明显,且弧形顶铺设形式可通过适当增大弧度使声压级进一步降低。以声环境为考量的光伏组件最佳铺设形式依接收平面的不同而变化。

The traffic space sound is an important part of urban sound environment. Photovoltaic system overlying on urban road is bound to cause a change of sound environment on the road and in the surrounding space. Basing on simulation of sound environment by software（ Odeon）,the paper explores the changes of sound environment and the best laying mode,designs two groups： the control group（ the road not covered PV） and the experimental group（ the road with horizontal-laying PV,inclined-laying PV,curved-roof-laying PV,and double-slope-laying PV）. The results show that the change of curvature will cause significant changes in the road and the surrounding sound field,while the effect of slope changing is not significant. After overlaying different modes of photovoltaic system,the sound field of the ground receiving plane has a different degree of getting bad, horizontal laying the worst. The high-altitude sound field on both sides of the road is improved. The sound pressure levels of the horizontal-laying,double-slope-laying and curved-roof-laying modes are obviously attenuated on the vertical height,and the sound pressure level can be further reduced by increasing the laying radian appropriately. The optimum mode for PV panels based on the sound environment is according to the major receiving plane.