生产、销售有毒、有害食品罪司法认定的现状、疑问与检讨

Reflections On Patterns of Judicial Determinations on the Crime of Producing and Selling Poisonous and Harmful Food

通过对近年司法机关所发布的司法解释、规范性文件以及指导性案例的分析可以发现,司法实践中生产、销售有毒、有害食品罪的认定正日趋规范化。司法机关对诸多学理主张作出了积极回应,同时也在某些争议性问题上表明了立场,既不乏亮点,也存在较大的完善空间。司法机关对该罪构成要件要素的解读与抽象危险犯的基本法理存在冲突,对生产、销售有毒有害食品罪的司法认定有主观化、形式化倾向,导致过分扩张刑法处罚范围,威胁到刑法的自由保障机能。

The analysis of the recent judicial interpretations,normative documents and guiding cases indicates that the application of the article concerning the crime of producing and selling poisonous and harmful food has been standardized.The judicial authorities have responded positively to a variety of academic suggestions.Meanwhile the authorities have expressed their stands on some controversial issues,which include both reasonable and inappropriate opinions.Some of the judicial interpretations conflict with the basic rationales of abstract dangerous crime,with the risks of subjectivism and formalism in the judicial determination of the crime of producing and selling poisonous and harmful food which result in the unreasonable expansion of punitive power and threaten the freedom-guarding goals of criminal law.