冰山理论与《城ヶ島の雨》的翻译

The Iceberg Theory and the Translation of The Rain of Jyouganosima

冰山理论最早由弗洛伊德提出,海明威将之引入小说创作,强调小说写作仅需描述水面上的八分之一,而水面下的八分之七则由读者根据自己的人生经验去补充。文章认为冰山理论也适用于诗歌翻译,诗歌比海明威的小说更加简洁,我们能看到的部分应该远远不到八分之一。在诗歌翻译过程中,我们不仅要靠自己的人生经验去补充,还要从诗人的人生经历、创作过程等相关材料中寻找新材料,进行意象重构,最终实现意境对等之目的。

The Iceberg Theory was first put forward by Freud,and was introduced into novel writing by Hemingway. It emphasizes that if novel writing was compared to an iceberg,only the 1/8 above water needs to write out and the 7/8 below water shall be complemented by readers with their life experience. The article holds that iceberg theory is also applicable to poetry translation,for poetry is more concise than Hemingway＇s novels,so the part the translator can see is far less than 1/8. Therefore,during the poetry translation,the translator not only rely on his own life experience to supplement it,but also search new materials from the his life experience,creation process and other related materials to achieve image reconstruction and realize the purpose of artistic equivalence.