集体记忆研究综述

A Review of Collective Memory

集体记忆(collective memory)是记忆的一种形式,被群体所共享并且对群体成员的社会认同起着至关重要的作用。目前,对集体记忆的研究范式主要有功能主义与建构主义两种范式,对其测量方式国内多采用口述与文本。国外一心理学者用长达四十多年的纵向研究表明,集体记忆能够被实证方法所测量。研究的重点应包括完善集体记忆的概念与结构、注重不同群体不同地域不同文化的群体研究、丰富研究内容和视角、强化纵向干预研究以及本土化和跨文化研究等。

Collective memory is a form of memory,shared by the group and has a vital role in the social identity of the group members. At present,the major research paradigms of collective memory are functionalism and constructivism,and the measurement of collective memory in China is mainly in the way of dictating and text. A forty-year longitudinal study by a foreign psychologist has shown that collective memory can be measured with empirical methods. In the future the focus of the study should be perfecting the concept and structure of collective memory,paying attention to the study of different groups in different regions and different cultures,enriching the research content and perspective,and strengthening the longitudinal intervention study and the localization and cross-cultural research.