也谈孔子“作”《春秋》——孔子“作”《春秋》的诠释学解析

Discussion on Confucius Writing Spring and Autumn Annals: Hermeneutics Analysis on Confucius Writing Spring and Autumn Annals

对于《孟子》所说的"孔子作《春秋》"一事,学界从认同到质疑,经历了长期争议。从诠释学角度看,孔子"作"《春秋》实际上是以述为作,借文本诠释成就观念创新。孔子"作"《春秋》,使鲁史《春秋》的属性及其功能发生了重大转向,即由侧重历史和实证向侧重政治和诠释的转向。两者的区别在于:前者注重过去,后者注重现在;前者注重客观,后者注重主观;前者注重记事,后者注重诠释;前者注重史料真实,后者注重政治启迪。孔子"作"《春秋》,就是通过诠释《春秋》,以"窃取《春秋》之义"的形式,对鲁史官的资料选择和意义表述进行契合时代的再诠释,即在"上无明君,下不得任用"的无奈中,用褒、贬、讥、绝、讳的方式,阐发和表达自己对社会政治的思想倾向和理想追求,它们包括:尊王尊君的政治秩序、灾异谴告的权力约束、倡导亲迎的伦理秩序,以及由地缘区别到文化差异的新夷夏观。

There is a long process from agreement to query in academia about Mencius’s words that Confucius is the writer of Spring and Autumn Annals.From the perspective of hermeneutics,this opinion means achievement of interpretation concept innovation through text hermeneutics.Confucius writing Spring and Autumn Annals changes the nature and function of Spring and Autumn Annals,from history to politics and hermeneutics.The basic difference lays on the former one prefers past,another one prefers now;the former one prefers objective,another one prefers subjective;the former one prefers record,another one prefers annotation;the former one prefers the truth of history,another one prefers political enlightenment.Confucius expresses his mind-set and ideal pursuit through writing Spring and Autumn Annals in the way of appraise,blame,satirizing and son on.They are political order of respecting emperors and kings,power control of disaster warning,ethical order of relationship and new Yi-Xia views from regional difference to cultural difference.