幼儿园教育在美国的传播及其本土化(1856—1930)

Research on the Diffusion and Localization of Kindergarten in the United States(1856-1930)

对美国来说,幼儿园是一个舶来品。19世纪50年代中期,德国幼儿园开始传入美国,引发了一场轰轰烈烈的幼儿园运动。幼儿园在美国的传播分为两条路径:一条是思想宣传路径;一条是实践推广路径。1856年9月,巴纳德在《美国教育杂志》中刊发了《福禄培尔的幼儿—花园体系》一文,率先导入了福禄培尔的幼儿园理论。1856年秋,德国移民舒尔茨夫人在威斯康星州创办了美国第一所德语幼儿园,被看作是幼儿园实践在美国的开端。二者几乎是在同一时间发生的,但前者往往被许多学者所忽视或误传。19世纪末20世纪初,进步主义教育修正了福禄培尔幼儿园中的象征主义和恩物主义,实现了美国幼儿园的本土化。

For America kindergarten is a concept borrowed from other countries. In the middle of 1850s, German kindergarten was introduced into America, and sparked a vigorous kindergarten movement. The introduction of the kindergarten can be divided into two paths： one is ideological pub-licity path, and the other is practical promotion path. In September of 丄856,Barnard pbel’s System of Infant-Gardens” in American Journal o f E d u c a t io n, introducing FroebeP s kinde-- garten ideas into America for the first time. In the autumn of 1856, Mgrant？ launched the first German kindergarten in Wisconsin,as the beginning of kindergarten practice in the United States. The two paths almost happened in the same time, but the fnored or misrepresented by researchers. In the late 19th century and early 20teducation revised the symbolism and giftism of Froebels kindergarten,and actualized the localization of American kindergarten.