2014和2015年京津冀地区13个城市空气质量特征分析

Analysis of characteristics of air quality of Jing-Jin-Ji region in 2014 and 2015

目的分析京津冀地区13个城市2014年和2015年空气污染特征,为空气污染的治理提供科学依据。方法根据环境保护部数据中心每日发布的全国空气质量监测数据,对京津冀地区13个城市的总体空气质量、空气质量指数(air quality index,AQI)等级、季节、月份和首要污染物分布特征进行分析。结果 2014年和2015年京津冀地区13个城市总体空气质量分别为三级(112)、二级(98),其中张家口空气质量最好,AQI为(65、69),邢台和保定空气质量最差,AQI为(147、125)。两年AQI等级日数分布以二级为主,占总日数的37.7%和43%。AQI分布存在季节和月份差异,冬季AQI高于其他季节,12月份出现峰值。两年首要污染物以PM2.5和PM10为主,分别占总日数的74.6%和67.1%。两年AQI等级与PM2.5作为首要污染物日数分布呈显著正相关(r_1=0.855,P_2<0.05;r_2=0.901,P_2<0.05)。结论 2015年京津冀地区13个城市空气质量优于2014年,冬季污染最严重,PM2.5及PM10为该区域主要污染物,PM2.5日数分布比例随着AQI等级的变化而变化。

Objective To provide a scientific basis for air pollution control, the air pollution characteristics for 13 cities of Jing-Jin-Ji Region in 2014 and 2015 were analyzed. Methods The data came from the national air quality monitoring da- ta daily published by the data center of the Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People＇s Republic of China. Distribu- tion characteristics of the air quality and its grade, season, and the primary pollutants of Jing-Jin-Ji Region were analyzed respectively.Results In 2014 and 2015, the air quality of 13 cities of Jing-Jin-Ji Region were 3 and 2 grade, AQI were 112 and 98.The air quality of Zhangjiakou was the best, and AQI were 65 and 69. The air quality of Xingtai and Baoding were the worst, and AQI were 147 and 125. Throughout the two yeas ,the AQI were 2 grade, and the proportion of these were 37.7% and 43%. AQI distribution were different in season and month, the AQI of winter was higher than other sea- sons. AQI was peak in November.PM2.5 and PM10 as a proportion of the primary pollutants were 74.6% and 67.1%. The correlation coefficient of AQI level and PM2.5 days in two years as the primary pollutants distribution were 0. 855 and 0.901, and P〈0.05.Conclusion The overall air quality of 13 cities Jing-Jin-Ji Region in 2015 is better than 2014, win- ter is the season of the most polluted. PM2.5 and PM10 are the main pollutant. PM2.5 distribution ratio changes with AQI level changes.