鞭腿击打不同类型目标引发膝关节运动损伤的危险时刻分析

Biomechanics Analysis of Danger of Knee-joint Sports While Whip Leg Hitting Different Kinds of Targets

探求鞭腿技术击打不同类型目标时因动作运用不当可能引发膝关节运动损伤的危险时刻。运用VICON System 3D运动采集系统,对10名优秀散打运动员鞭腿技术进行空击、击打脚靶、沙包时的运动轨迹进行采集,依据鞭打动作特点和下肢关节运动特征,将鞭腿动作划分为3个时刻、2个时段,对其在各时刻的动作速度、作用腿膝关节角度、角速度、力矩等运用VICON Nexus和Polygon分析软件进行处理。研究结果表明:作用腿膝关节屈伸、内收外展、回旋角度和角速度以及关节力矩等各方面均存在着显著性差异(P<0.05);鞭腿空击技术类型的动作速度相对较慢,击打时段膝关节角速度相对较快、伸展时段膝关节呈外旋、加速并过度伸展状态;击打脚靶类型的动作速度相对较快,伸展时段膝关节呈外旋伸展运动状态;击打沙包类型膝关节的各项力矩相对较大,伸展时段膝关节呈反方向运动状态。鞭腿的3种击打类型均存在引发膝关节运动损伤的危险时刻,建议运动员在训练和实战时遵循鞭腿技术动作的运动规律。

To prevent the sports damages of knee joint caused by improper application of the whip-leg, the experimental study was conducted for the motion trail while whip-leg hitting different kinds of targets of 10 excellent male Sanda players. Data was collected through VICON System 3Dmotion collection system and the Polygon analysis software. The result revealed that there are significant differences in terms of the angle, angular velocity and torque in the flexion, extension and rotation of the knee-joint of the tested-leg （ P 〈 0. 05 ） ; the whip-legwith no-contact at the instant had a relatively slow velocity ; the maxi- mum angular velocity was subsequently reached by extending the knee-joint; when the roundhouse kick reached the predeter- mined target, the knee joint demonstrated abduction, and quickly subsequent quick internal rotation on the lateral knee. The movement velocity had reached maximum as reaching the target; then the angular velocity demonstrated the internal rotation and the lateral extension. The result also revealed that the maximum moment of force occurred as kicking on the sandbag; then the angle of the knee joint suddenly bent in the opposite direction. It was concluded that the danger of knee-joint sports injury lied in three different kinds of targets. It suggested that practitioners are ought to obey the motion law of the whip-leg technical movement before performing the training session.