包头市人口PM_(2.5)暴露风险研究

Study on risk of population exposure to PM_(2.5) in Baotou City

以包头市为例,利用PM_(2.5)监测站数据、人口普查和土地利用数据,采用普通克里金插值方法和人口PM_(2.5)暴露相对风险模型,进行PM_(2.5)时空分布特征分析,并完成了该市居民PM_(2.5)暴露风险研究。结果表明:1)2014、2015年包头市PM_(2.5)浓度日均值超过一、二级标准的天数分别达到>200 d和>60 d,且冬季浓度水平最高,夏季最低;东河区污染较高,昆都仑区和青山区北部次之,九原区西部和昆都仑区南部浓度较低;2)人口PM_(2.5)暴露相对风险以市中心为高风险区域,周边人口较少区风险较低,东河区、昆都仑区和青山区风险较高,九原区以低风险为主;城市居民分布在PM_(2.5)浓度偏高区域。该研究可为包头市大气污染治理和人居环境质量的提高提供重要的科学依据。

The particulate matter pollution has become the primary pollutant for our city. One of its composition - the PM2.5 has effected on human health and human settlements seriously, and has aroused public attention. This study collected the daily PM2.5 data from 6 automatic air quality monitoring stations in Baotou during the pe- riod of 2014 -2015. Combined with demographic data and land use map, ordinary Kriging and population rela- tive risk model were applied to understand the temporal - spatial distribution of PM25 and residential exposure risk to PM2.5 for this city. The results showed that ： （ 1 ） The temporal analysis showed that the highest concentra- tion of PM2 ~ in winter and the lowest in summer. The number of days exceeded national standard grade one and two were greater than 200 d and greater than 60 d, respectively. Donghe district was high PM2.5 pollution zone, Kundulun district and north of Qingshan district were moderate pollution zone, and west of Jiuyuan district and south of Kundulun district have relatively low concentration. （2） The risk of population relative exposure to PM25 was high in the city center, and was low in the surrounding area. The high risk areas of PM2.5 population exposure were mainly in Donghe, Qingshan and Kundulun districts, while Jiuyuan with low risk. Urban residents are mainly distributed in high PM2.5 concentration area. The research conclusions can provide important scientific basis for the improvement of the air pollution control and the improvement of the quality of human settlements in Baotou.