不同作物间坡面径流和泥沙流失量特征与差异分析

The characteristics and differences of runoff and soil loss from slop farmland under different crop kinds

为了揭示作物种类对坡面径流和泥沙流失的影响,对坡耕地玉米、莜麦和土豆三种作物小区在7~9月侵蚀性降雨期的降雨量、径流量和泥沙流失量进行了监测与分析。结果表明:2015年7~9月侵蚀性降雨单场降雨量在25.76~40.25mm之间,均值为31.49mm,属大雨。作物种类对坡面径流量影响显著,表现为莜麦地>土豆地>玉米地,均值分别为:41.45L、37.48L和30.84L。三种作物小区泥沙流失量与降雨量和径流量间成正向线性关系,但相关系数和斜率均存在差异。随着径流量的增加,玉米小区泥沙流失量增加最慢,莜麦小区居中,土豆小区最快。三种作物小区径流含沙率存在显著差异,表现为:土豆小区>莜麦小区>玉米小区,均值分别为150.22g/L、121.47g/L和52.36g/L。作物种类对坡耕地坡面径流量、泥沙流失量、径流含沙率以及它们间相互关系均有影响,但玉米比莜麦和土豆具有更强的调蓄径流和保护泥沙流失的作用。

In order to reveal the effects of different and soil losses from three runoff plots planted corn, rainfall period from July to September. The result crops on runoff and soil losses from slop farmland, the runoff naked oats and potato were monitored and analyzed in erosive shown that the precipitation of six events of erosive rainfall were range from 25.76 -40.25ram with a mean value 3 1. 49 mm during July to September in 2015 ; they were all the heavy rains. The runoff volumes in three crop plots were different, shown naked oats 〉 potato 〉 corn, the mean values were 41.45L, 37.48L and 30.84L, respectively. There was a positive line relationship between soil loss content and runoff volume with the different correlation coefficient and slop value among three crops. When the runoff increased, the increase of soil loss in corn plot was the slowest, that in naked oats plot was middle, potato plot was the fastest. The average ratio of sediment in runoff was shown potato 〉 naked oats 〉 corn, and with mean values were 150.22g/L, 121.47g/L and 52.36g/L, respectively. There effects of crop kinds on slop runoff , soil loss and their interrelationship were significant. Corn has more intensive effect on runoff and soil loss than naked oats and potato.