女神失落的悲剧——满族近代口传小说《飞啸三巧传》的整体性阐释

The Tragic Fall of a Goddess:A Holistic Interpretation of Monchu Oral Novel Three Sisters

《飞啸三巧传》是一部讲述清朝嘉庆年间三等侍卫穆哈连之女穆巧珍、穆巧兰、穆巧云铲除奸佞抵御外侮的传奇故事。《飞啸三巧传》是一部传奇与悲剧融合在一起的作品,历史中的三巧姐妹被满族说部的萨满女神原型同化为传奇性的英雄,她们武艺高强铲奸除暴安邦定国外抗强敌,作为萨满女神原型的变形象征,再现了女神创世的绝世风采,鲜明而强烈的表现了女神崇拜的思想;然而,三巧姐妹已然处于男权社会中,已经失去了女神那至高无上的地位与权势,她们虽有从女神原型转变过来的传奇性,但最终难逃悲剧的厄运。而这正是女性历史命运的真实表现。在满族说部神话——传奇悲剧——民间故事的整体性构成中,可以探寻到这部作品隐藏的文化价值。

Three Sisters tells the story of how the three daughters of a third class Qing imperial guard expunge suppliant sycophants and fend off invasions.The work is a blend of legend and tragedy,as the three sisters of the Qing dynasty are turned into heroines with goddess Shaman attributes.They are highly skilled in martial arts and are able to wipe out soft knees and keep away foreign invasions,achievements typically representing the goddess and a reverence to the female.However,in a patriarchic society where the goddess has to lose her supreme status and power,the three heroines are doomed to suffer misfortune,a truth for the fate of female faithfully represented in the story.In the whole structure of myth,legendary tragedy and folklore,we find the implied cultural value of the oral novel.