玉溪米线节土主出巡仪式及其象征

The Ceremony of the Lord of the Land's Inspection Tour in Yuxi Rice Noodle Festival and its Symbolic Meanings

玉溪米线节可能是中国过节时间持续最长的一个流动性地域节日,其因米线得名,源于民间对土主神的崇拜。宋元时期休纳治水官普贯通,因治水有功后被百姓尊为土主,遂修庙雕像供奉。米线节的核心内涵是各村屯轮流迎请土主出巡的仪式,它是一个全民演绎的模拟巫术,象征治水官在各村屯巡查水情的历史叙事。通过年度性土主出巡仪式展演,人们笃信可持续稳获土主治水神功,保证水稻丰产及生命财产安全。米线节土主出巡仪式作为一个社会控制的文化机制,具有稳定秩序、治理社会、促进地域和谐的功能。

Yuxi Rice Noodle Festival is very possibly the most long-lasting local itinerant festival in China,so named for the major food of the event is rice noodle,but its origin is the local worship of the Lord of the Land.In the Song and Yuan period,a local officer called Pu Guangtong became highly revered by the communities for his brilliant feats in harnessing the water.Temples were built to house and enshrine his statues.The central event of the festival is the ceremony for each village to welcome,in arranged turn,the inspection tour of the Lord.The ceremony,involving all villagers and somewhat witchcraft-like,replays the historical course of the tour.Yearly ceremonial performance of the tour enhances people's belief in the Lord of the Land's power and protection to ensure safety and annual harvest.As a cultural tool for social control,the ceremony serves the function of stabilizing social order,governing the society,and promoting local harmony.