中国重点保护湿地维管束植物初步研究

Priliminary Study on Key Protected Vascular Plants in Wetlands in China

采用文献分析与调查相结合的方法,对中国重点保护湿地维管束植物的种类组成、生活型、生态类型、保护级别以及区系进行初步研究。结果表明,现已知的中国重点保护湿地维管束植物有29科45属74种,包括湿生植物13种,挺水植物29种,沉水植物18种,漂浮植物3种,浮叶植物6种,两栖植物3种,半湿生植物2种,以多年生的草本挺水植物居多;其中,有36种列入世界自然保护联盟(IUCN)物种红色名录,有国家一级保护植物11种,国家二级保护植物20种。中国重点保护湿地维管束植物科的分布区类型有6种类型2种亚型,以世界广布分布区类型为主;中国重点保护湿地维管束植物属的分布区有9种类型4种亚型,以热带分布区类型为主,温带分布区类型为辅,显著表现出热带分布区类型特征。针对中国重点保护湿地维管束植物的濒危状况,提出相应的保护建议,以期为湿地维管束植物的保护管理提供参考。

The species, life type, ecological type, protection level and flora characteristics of the key protected vascular plants in the wetlands in China were investigated by the combination of field investigation and literature analysis. The results showed that there were 74 species of key protected vascular plants in the wetlands in China, belonging to 45 genera and 29 families, including 2 species, 13 species, 3 species, 18 species, 29 species, 6 species and 3 species of semi-hygrophilous plants, hygrophyte plants, amphibious plant, submersed plants, emergent plants, floating-leaved plants and free-floating plants; in which there were 36 species in the International Union for Conservation of Nature（IUCN） red list, 11 species in classification I, 20 species in classification II; the herbaceous emergent plants were in the majority. The types of the key protected vascular plants in the wetlands in China could be divided into 6 types and 2 subtypes at family level, which were dominated by the Cosmopolitan types. At generic level, there were 9 types and 4 subtypes of the key protected vascular plants in the wetlands in China, and the types was dominant by the tropical types and the temperate types was the auxiliary, which showed the characteristic of tropical types. In view of the endangered situation of key protected vascular plants in the wetlands in China, some suggestions were put forward to provide reference for the protection and management of vascular plants in the wetlands.