五个时期长江入海口湿地土地利用格局及变化

Land Use Pattern and Its Change in the Mouth of Yangtze River for 5 Periods

选用1984年、1990年、2000年、2010年和2015年Landsat TM/ETM+/OLI影像数据,利用人机交互遥感解译方法,进行长江入海口湿地的土地利用分类;利用地理信息系统技术,研究了5个时期研究区的湿地格局及变化。研究表明,5个时期研究区的主要湿地类型都为水田,其次为滩涂,水田面积由1984年的4 044.86 km^2减少至2015年的3 550.37 km^2,滩涂面积从1984年的650.03 km^2锐减至2015年的3.74 km^2,滩涂被转变为港口、居民地和工业用地,围填海活动也导致滩涂萎缩;在围填海区域,养殖池面积大幅增加;与1984年相比,2015年,滩涂转变为水库/坑塘、养殖池、盐田的面积分别占其总面积的14.46%、53.83%和24.15%;74.96%的盐地碱蓬盐水沼泽转变为养殖池,48.06%的水库/坑塘、12.62%的盐田转变为养殖池;长江入海口湿地变化的主要人为因素是围填海活动,主要自然因素是泥沙淤积和土壤性质改变。

In this study, land classification in the mouth of Yangtze River was carried out by the method of man-machine interactive interpretation, using Landsat TM/ETM＋/OLI images in 1984, 1990, 2000, 2010, and2015. And the land use pattern and its change were studied. The result showed that the paddy fields were main land use type; the next was coastal intertidal area; and the area of the paddy fields was 4 044.86 km^2 in 1984and 3 550.37 km^2 in 2015, and that of the coastal intertidal area was 650.03 km^2 in 1984 and 3.74 km^2 in 2015,the areas of the paddy fields and coastal intertidal zone reduced. The coastal intertidal area was changed into port, settlement place, and industrial land, the sea reclamation led to shrinkage of the coastal intertidal area.The areas of culture ponds increased sharply in the sea reclamation zone. Main human factor was sea reclamation activities and natural factors were sediment accumulation and change of soil properties, which led to change of the wetlands in the mouth of Yangtze River.