五个时期辽河三角洲滨海湿地格局及变化研究

Pattern and Change of Coastal Wetlands in the Liaohe River Delta for 5 Periods

以1982~2015年期间的5期10景辽河三角洲滨海湿地Landsat MSS/TM/OLI影像为主要数据源,在遥感和地理信息系统技术支持下,通过景观指数和各土地利用类型面积间的转移矩阵,对辽河三角洲滨海湿地景观格局及变化进行研究。研究结果表明,5个时期(1982年、1989年、2000年、2010年和2015年)辽河三角洲滨海湿地都以芦苇(Phragmites australis)淡水沼泽和水田为主要景观,芦苇淡水沼泽以大斑块分布在研究区的西部平原地带,水田以大斑块分布在研究区的东部。湿地类型之间的转变主要表现为自然湿地向人工湿地和人工景观转变。湿地景观破碎化程度加剧,优势度下降,趋于各斑块均匀分布。人类活动是导致辽河三角洲滨海自然湿地丧失和退化的主要原因。

In this study, the landscape pattern of the coastal wetlands in the Liaohe River delta and its change were studied by data derived from Landsat MSS/TM/OLI images in 1982, 1989, 2000, 2010 and 2015. Using geographic information system technology, the landscape patterns of the wetlands in Liaohe River delta for 5periods were examined through landscape indices and transfer matrix. The results showed that Phragmites australis marshes and paddy fields were the main landscape in the study area; they mainly existed in the form of large patches. The areas of residential land, paddy field and shrimp pond, which represented the influence degree of human activities on land use, increased rapidly, but the area of the wetlands, which played an important regulating role in the ecosystem, decreased sharply. The landscape of the wetlands in the study area tended to be fragmented, and the degree of landscape dominance index declined and more evenly distributed and various landscape elements developed into a dense pattern. Human activities were the main reason for the area decrease of the coastal wetlands.