医务人员感染性暴露后预防措施干预效果分析

Effect Analysis of Preventive Measures for Medical Staff After Infection Exposure

目的监测员工发生感染性职业暴露后预防措施落实情况,提高员工对暴露后防控措施的认知水平,减少职业感染的发生。方法从医院异常事件上报管理系统中收集2014年1月—2015年12月感染性职业暴露上报数据进行统计分析。结果 2014和2015年每100张床位发生职业暴露人次为5.2和4.9,发生职业暴露的例数降低。乙型肝炎病毒为主要暴露源;暴露中以女性、护士、工作年限小于5年为主,分别占81.8%、52.4%、60.1%;发生地点主要集中于病区、手术间。暴露后立即局部处理、上报以及分别在基线检查、1个月、3个月、6个月及1年进行相关血源性疾病检验及随访的比例明显提高。失访人数明显减少,且集中在实习及进修的医护人员。结论发生职业暴露后选择恰当检查与预防措施是减少职业感染的保障。

Objective To monitor the implementation of preventivemeasures for employees after occupational exposure, to improve theirawareness of the prevention and control measures, and to reducethe incidence of occupational infection. Methods The infectiousoccupational exposure data from January 2014 to December 2015 wascollected according to the hospital abnormal event reporting system.Results The number of occupational exposure per 100 beds was 5.2 in2014 and 4.9 in 2015, which mean the number of occupational exposuredecreased. Hepatitis B virus was the main source of occupationalexposure, most of the exposures were happened in women（81.8%）、nurses （52.4%） and who worked less than 5 years（60.1%）,occupationalexposure occurred mainly in the ward and operating room. The ratesof reporting and partial treatment after occupational exposure, as wellas, taking test of blood-transmitted diseases and follow-up at baselineone month, three months, six months and one year were significantlyimproved. The number of lost to follow-up was decreased, and mainlyin interns and advanced study medical stuff. Conclusion Taking correctinspection and preventive measures after occupational exposure couldreduce occupational infection.