典型人工纳米材料的水环境行为研究进展

Research progress of water environment behavior of typical engineered nanomaterials

概述典型人工纳米材料释放到水环境中可能发生的团聚、沉降、溶解等行为及其影响因素(包括pH值、离子强度、天然有机物、无机胶体、水动力条件等)。这些水环境条件通过静电作用、位阻效应、桥联作用与溶解离子络合作用等影响纳米颗粒的行为。分析当前研究的不足,认为应开展自然环境条件下的纳米材料行为研究,例如更低浓度的纳米材料环境行为、纳米材料与天然胶体之间的相互作用等,为进一步研究和预测人工纳米材料在水环境中的归趋提供理论依据。

This paper has reviewed the aggregation, sedimentation, dissolution and other behaviors and influence factors （pH, ionic strength, natural organic matter, inorganic colloid and hydrodynamic force） of typical ENMs that are likely to occur in aquatic environment. These water environment conditions affect the behaviors of nanoparticles by means of electrostatic interaction, steric hindrance, bridging and complexation with dissolved ions mechanism. In view of current insufficient research in this regard, future studies are proposed to focus on nanomaterials behaviors under natural environmental conditions, such as lower concentration of nanomaterials and the interactions between nanomaterials and natural colloids in order to provide a theoretical basis for further research and prediction of the fates of ENMs in water.