战后日本城市化进程中应对“三农”问题的法制建构

Japan's Post-War Legal Construction in Urbanization Concerning the Issues of Agriculture,Countryside,and Farmer

"三农"问题是各国在城市化进程中面临的普遍挑战。以农地改革确立的自耕农制度为基础,日本的城市化进程在1955年之后的经济起飞中迎来了高潮。不仅速度快、范围广,而且程度深,出现的问题和挑战也非常突出。因应形势变化,日本建构了完善的法律制度体系,既通过土地基本法、国土综合开发法等进行总体规划,也出台对兼业化、老龄化、过疏化等问题的针对性措施,为农村城市化的平稳有序推进提供了比较充分的保障,其经验值得借鉴。

The issues of agriculture,countryside,and farmer are common challenges in the process of urbanization in many countries.Japan's rural land reform was based on the yeoman system,which assisted the country's urbanization to reach its peak after the economic take-off starting from 1955.The process was speedy,extensive,and far reaching in great depths,and so the difficulties and challenges were extremely tricky and thorny.However,legal construction was timely both at the macro and micro levels.Over-all planning for basic land law and comprehensive land development act were made,while clearly targeted legal measures for specific issues were formulated.Japan's experiences are worth our studying.