巫君合一到君子多奇:论王世贞的巫风思维

Divine Shaman and Magical Confucian: The Study of Wang Shi-zhen's Shaman Thinking

巫文化是中国文化的底色,中国文化的许多特征都能在巫文化中找到线索。由巫及礼、由巫到儒的文化变革,使巫君所承担的神圣天命演变为儒士所应肩负的责任感。与此同时,君的内涵,也由巫君合一转变为君子有德。身为儒士,王世贞认可巫王合一的文化传统,其思想彰显出巫风思维。首先,王世贞将君子之德表述为以儒立身的淑世情怀,因家国使命而与政敌抗争,因民生民瘼而忧心不已,因苍生福祉而为民请命。另一方面,王世贞推崇明君贤臣身上的巫特质。在与同时代士人的交往中,王世贞赋予儒士君子多奇的特征,从而使巫文化成为承接巫君合一到君子多奇转变的关联点。王世贞的巫风思维对其政治生命、世俗生活产生了巨大影响,分析其巫风思维,有助于后人更全面地了解王世贞。

Shaman culture is the background of Chinese culture, where you can find many features of Chineseculture. The cultural change from Shaman to Confucianism made the sacred fate of the monarch evolved as theConfucian’s sense of responsibility. At the same time, the connotation of gentlemen changed into noble characterfrom divine psychic ability. As a Confucian, Wang Shi-zhen recognized the cultural tradition of Shaman. First,Wang Shizhen expressed the gentleman＇s virtue as a Confucian’s love and responsibility to the motherland andpeople, so that Wang Shi-zhen protested against his political opponents, worried about the people suffering, foughtfor the people’s benefit. Wang Shizhen admitted the Shaman character of the monarch and courtiers. In theexchanges with contemporary people, Wang Shizhen found the magical attributes of Confucian, so that Shamanculture became a point of association in the divine Shaman and magical Confucian. Wang Shizhen＇s Shamanthinking had a great influence on his political life and secular life, and analyzed the way of his thinking could helpfuture generations to understand Wang Shizhen more comprehensively.