新中国地方立法权：历史、歧视及矫正-以2015年《立法法》修改为中心的论证

The Power of Local Legislation in New China: History,Discrimination and Rectification——Focus on the Amendment of The Law on Legislation of the People's Republic of China in 2015

改革的过程就是不断去特权化的过程,立法特权是一切特权的源头,立法不平等是最深刻和最上游的不平等,全面扩大地方立法权的平权过程就是在立法上从特权走向宪法平等的过程。故此,2015年《立法法》第一次修改的意义远远超过了优化我国立法体制本身,必将极大促进地方治理能力的全面提升和治理方式的法治转型,也会更加深远地影响我国中央与地方关系的法治化发展。同时,地方立法主体的扩大也是执政党兑现"共同富裕"和"科学发展"政治承诺的关键步骤和革命性举措,符合社会主义的本质要求。通过对地方立法经验的总结,未来应将设区的市改制为自治市,在保留其立法权能并转化立法权属性的基础上,适时地赋予县政与其事权相适应的立法权,逐步实现对建国初期即1954年以前地方立法权配置格局的历史性回归。

The process of reform is the process of continuously break privileges.The legislation privilege is the source of all privileges,legislative inequality is one of the most profound and topmost upstream inequality.Expanding equality process of local legislative power is the process from privileges to the constitutional equality. So the meaning of amending legislative law at the first time far exceeds the optimization of China's legislative system itself,which will greatly promote the ability of the local government and the rule of law transformation of the management,more profoundly affect the constitutionality of the relationship between the central government and local government. At the same time,the expansion of the local legislative body is the key step and revolutionary measure that ruling party to fulfill the political promise of'common prosperity' and 'scientific development'. Through summarizing the experience of local legislation,the city with districts should be changed to autonomous city at the future. On the basis of retaining its legislative power,we should enable the county government legislative power matching with its affairs power and gradually realize the historically regression of local legislative power just as the preliminary stage of New China founding that is before 1954.