中国早期马克思主义者之法学观述要

On the Legal View of Early Chinese Marxists

鸦片战争后,伴随"西学东渐",达尔文的生物进化论和马克思的历史唯物论,分别在19世纪末和20世纪初传入中国。其中,李大钊接受马克思主义法律思想的基本标志,是他关于经济现象与法律现象关系的学理命题的研究。当时,李大钊已经体认到,唯物史观与法律概念相结合,才会有对中国近代意义的法律科学的准确理解。而陈独秀接受马克思主义后的法律思想,则见于他关于改变制度和革命方法的思考。其他学者多将法律思想蕴藏于社会学中,以历史唯物主义的社会进化观为载体,阐述了相关法律命题。所有这些思想,又是中国早期马克思主义者法学观的基本因子,皆成为中国的革命者乃至急进的改良者最重要的思想武器。

After the Opium War,with the entrance of the western culture,Darwin's theory of biological evolution and Marx's historical materialism were introduced into China at the end of nineteenth century and early twentieth century respectively,as part of western culture. Among them,the basic symbol for Li Dazhao to accept Marxist legal thought is his study of the academic proposition about the relationship between economic phenomena and legal phenomena. At that time,Li Dazhao has realized that only the combination of historical materialism and legal concepts could have the exact understanding about juristic science in modern times in China. While,after Chen Duxiu receiving Marxism,his ideology was specialized in changing system and revolutionary method. Other scholars put the legal thought in sociology,and expounded the related legal propositions with the social evolutionism of historical materialism as the canrier. All these thoughts are the basic factors of the early Marxist view of law in China,which become the most important ideological weapon of the Chinese revolutionaries and even the radical reformer.