研究生学位授权审核需求与改革

The Demand and Reform of Postgraduate Degree-granting Authorization and Accreditation

研究生学位授权审核是对高校准入开展研究生教育的审批过程,它对研究生教育质量起到"看门人"作用。本研究采用问卷法和因素分析法等方法对7个省级学位办和所属区域的62所高校进行调查,研究发现,访谈对象对学位授权审核在"规模、层次、质量、放权、规范"等问题上的认识具有较高的一致性,普遍赞同"服务需求、提高质量"的学位授权审核改革理念。放权成为学位授权审核改革的普遍诉求,赞成坚持以"标准"作为授权审核的准入条件。但东中西部不同地区之间在学位授权审核是否促进区域研究生教育发展、是否应采取不同授权审核政策、是否应该稳定现有研究生总体规模等问题上存在显著性差异。今后学位授权审核的改革,应尽快启动《中华人民共和国学位条例》修订工作,使学位授权审核有法可依,有法能依,必须对学位授权审核依法放权,充分发挥省级学位办统筹本省研究生教育发展的作用,建立从事研究生教育的学校整体准入标准和从事研究生教育的学科准入标准,由国务院学位委员会统一部署,进行常态化审核,建设严格的学位授权审核制度,加强学位授权审核的公平性与公开性,对少数高校开展学位授权审核放权试点工作,促使高校学科办好办强办出特色。

Postgraduate degree-granting authorization and accreditation is a process to authorize universities as institutions that can award postgraduate degree,which plays a role of "gatekeeper" for the quality of graduate education.Through the questionnaires with seven provincial degree affairs offices and sixty-two universities,this research finds out that they are consistent with the indicators of scale,level,quality,decentralization,and regulation.They also highly agree with the concept of "serving the needs,improving the quality",especially appealing for decentralizing degree authorization and accreditation and favoring adherence to the standard as an access requirement.However,there are significant differences among the eastern,central and western regions:whether the degree authorization and accreditation to promote the development of regional postgraduate education,whether different policies to be adopted in different rigions,and whether the scale of postgraduate students to be controlled.In the future,the reform of the system should launch the revision of the Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Academic Degrees as soon as possible,which will promote degree authorization and accreditation to be conducted and decentralized based on the law,take fully advantage of provincial degree affairs office to facilitate local postgraduate education development,establish a uniform standard of postgraduate educational universities and disciplines by the State Council Academic Degrees Committee,conduct the system normally and establish a strict system of degree-granting authorization and accreditation,strengthen the fairness and openness in this procedure and carry out decentralization of the pilot work to several universities as to be prominent and unique.