马尾神经综合征的基础研究进展

Advance in basic research of cauda equina syndrome

马尾神经综合征涉及一系列病理过程,包括神经细胞坏死凋亡、组织水肿和神经纤维华勒变性,从而导致相应的运动、感觉、括约肌功能障碍。临床手术治疗往往只能解除马尾神经的压迫,减少继发性损伤,为马尾神经的功能恢复提供有限的空间环境,并不能取得理想的治疗效果,而基础研究将有可能改变这一局面。神经科学的发展改变了既往神经损伤后轴突不可再生的观点,为神经损伤的修复拓宽了新局面,细胞移植技术、分子技术的引入为高效修复马尾神经损伤带来了希望。本文综述了马尾神经综合征的发病机制、动物模型、神经损伤修复等基础研究领域的主要进展,在此基础上,对马尾神经综合征的治疗前景进行展望。

Cauda equina syndrome involves a series of pathological processes,including nerve cell necrosis and apoptosis,tissue edema and Wallerian degeneration of nerve fibers,and leads to in dysfunction of the corresponding motors,sensations and sphincters.Surgical treatment can relieve the cauda equina compression and reduce secondary injuries,only providing limited space for recovery of the cauda equina function,but not achieving a satisfactory result.However,the advances in basic research may lead to breakthrough.Neural science development has broken the traditional theory that axons are not reproducible after nerve injury,which has created a new situation for the repairment of injuried nerve.The development of cell transplantation technique and molecular technique has brought a new hope for efficiently repairing injuried cauda equina.This review focuses on the basic research progresses of pathological mechanism,animal model,nerve injury and repairment of cauda equina syndrome,and discusses the potential for therapies for cauda equine syndrome.