常用非离子型碘对比剂过敏反应分析及护理对策

Analysis of the Allergic Reaction and Nursing Measures of the Commonly Used Non Ionic Iodine Contrast Agent

目的分析总结临床常用的非离子型碘对比剂过敏反应及护理措施.方法 2012年1月至2015年12月间注射非离子型碘对比剂24 h内发生过敏反应170例,对对比剂种类、浓度、流速等因素及护理措施进行分析.结果碘普罗胺、碘海醇、碘帕醇总的不良反应发生率分别为0.38%、0.35%、0.44%,碘帕醇总的不良反应发生率稍高于碘普罗胺和碘海醇,3种药物间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).碘普罗胺组发生过喉头水肿、敏性休克发生率为分别为十万分之七、千分之三,为罕见不良反应.结论少部分患者使用非离子型碘对比剂会出现不同程度的过敏反应,应小心谨慎,加强护理,保障碘对比剂的临床用药安全.

Objective To summarize the allergic reaction and nursing measures of clinical commonly usednon ionic iodine contrast agent. Methods Between May 2012 and December 2015, 170 cases of allergic reactionsoccurred within 24 hours after the injection of nonionic iodine contrast agent. The factors, such as the type,concentration and flow rate of the contrast agents, and the nursing measures were analyzed. Results Theincidence of total adverse reactions of iopromide, iohexol, and iopamidol were 0.38% and 0.35%, 0.44%,respectively. The total adverse reactions rate of iopamidol was slightly higher than the iopromide and iohexol, thethree drugs had no statistical difference（ 〉 0.05） . The incidence of laryngeal edema and allergic shock iniopromide group were seven in one hundred thousand and three in thousand, rare adverse reactions. ConclusionA small part of patients who used non ionic iodine contrast agent may appeare allergic reactions in different degrees,so we should be careful,strengthen the care,gurrantee the clinical drug safety of iodine contrast agent.